Computer Network

Hey guys, 

                   welcome to this tutorial of Computer Network of ANONYMOUS. In further, we can see about basic facts about Computer Network. 

So, let's get started.......

                    COMPUTER NETWORK

What is Computer Network?

Computer network is a combined set of devices, which is connected through different links. It sending and receiving data from connected devices like, Printer, nodes,... It is also called as communication Networks. At Computer network, many kind of networks are available  so, by finding them, they are defined by hostname and network addresses. 

Many time computer have more than 1 task, so it divided into sub computer network to handles. They are separate from each other. They are based on physically wired, optical and frequency of other connected networks. 

It is mainly used for sharing of devices among various devices. There are many types of network, which varies from simple to complex level.

Components of Network 

Basically, there are 6 main components of network, which mentioned below :

1. National Interface Card (NIC)

2. Modem

3. Hub

4. Cables and connecters

5. Router

6. Switches

1. National Interface Card (NIC)

NIC stands for National Interface Card, which to other computer for communicating with each other. It uses address to identify the system of the network, not only this but also it contains the data layer protocol and hardware address. 

➽ There are 2 kind of NIC :-

1. Wireless NIC :

                              Wireless NIC means it entirely based on radio frequency, which is mostly used nowadays for communicating. There is no need to connect through wire.

2. Wired NIC :

                             In this NIC, cable is mandatory for transferring data to other devices. Wire become medium in this NIC type.

2. MODEM

Modem is also for connection towards internet by telephone line. It is individual part of computer instead of joint section. It would be connect through PC to motherboard. It mostly used for communicating, Like sharing data, files.....

3. HUB

Every network have their own parental network, where other networks are connected. HUB become a common devices where other network can easily join and distribute their information. In HUB, network can transfer their own data with other network in presence of main network.

4. Cables And Connecters

Cable is a transmission media, which transmit different communication signals. There are different type of Cables :-

➽  Coaxial Cable

➽  Fiber Optic Cable

➽  Twisted Pair Cable

5. Router

Many devices are connected to main network, where it can be managed. So, Router is a device, which connects the LAN to the internet. It is also used for connection of multiple computers or networks.

6. Switches

The main aim of switches is transfer the data to another device. It is better than HUB, because it groups all the devices over the network. It send only those information, where it belongs to. It also send the messages or information directly from the source to the destination.

Computer Network Type

A different group of computer is connected to each other, which enables to communicating and sharing files, prototypes, data.....

It can be classified into 4 type :-

⧫ Local Area Network (LAN)

⧫ Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

⧫ Personal Area Network (PAN)

⧫ Wide Area Network (WAN)

⧪ Local Area Network (LAN) 

➽ It is mainly used in small area for office work, Building or any other minor project.

➽ The important thing about LAN is it provides high security.

➽ It is interconnected to other computer for communication, it become easy for people.

➽ In LAN, data is transferred very fast, with in time the files or any further application can be transferred.

➽ It is less costly, in comparison with other Networks.

⧪ Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

➽ A MAN network is entirely depend upon LAN network, because it covers a massive geographic part of area through LAN.

➽ By jointing, various LAN network it become MAN network.

➽ It is mostly used by Government agencies for always connected to inhabitants.

➽ It is connected through telephone exchange line.

➽ Major protocols of MAN are RS-232, ATM, ISDN and OC-3.

➽ This is mostly used in Banks, Airlines, Colleges and Military.

⧪ Personal Area Network (PAN) 

➽ PAN is an individual network, which is connected under 10 meters or 30 feet.

➽ Personal network is connected with personal things like, Laptop, mobile, headphones and play station.

➽ This network is implemented in humans' needy by Thomas Zimmerman.

➽ It has 2 other kind of Network :

    1. Wireless Personal Area Network

    ➽ Connected through wireless technology like, WI-FI, Bluetooth....

    2. Wired Personal Network

    ➽ Connected by Created network, which is used to be USB...

⧪ Wide Area Network (WAN)

➽ WAN is extend over the countries or nations, even states. It is too wide than we think.

➽ The recent internet is biggest WAN network in the world.

➽ It is widely used for educational purpose like, connects with overseas universities and even connects with Government for processing.

➽ It is connected via telephone line, Fiber optics and satellite links, which cover wide geographic area.

➽ It is benefited for Global Business, Exchange messages, Sharing software and resources.....

FEATURES

Here are the features of Computer Network :

⧫ File Sharing

⧫ Security

⧫ Reliability

⧫ Communication speed

⧫ Back up and roll back

⧫ Software and hardware sharing

⧫ Scalability

Network Connections

Network Connection is also known as "TOPOLOGY", which defines the structure of the network of how it can be interconnected with each other.

➽  It is divided into 2 other parts :

⧫ Physical Topology

⧫ Logical Topology

Here are some Topologies, which create networks....

1. STAR TOPOLOGY

➽  In this connection, a central node connects a cable to other computer for networking and communicating. If any network is disconnect with main node, it won't affect the rest of the network. It is the most popular topology network ever!. 

➽  It has many advantages like, Cost-effective, Network control, limited connections, Expandable, High data speed.....

➽  It also bring minor disadvantages like, cable, central point failure....

2. BUS TOPOLOGY

➽  In this network connection, cable connects to the networks of different computers. 

➽  Bus Topology mainly used in range of 802.3 and 802.4 Ethernet standard network.

➽  There are less cables required for BUS Topology, so if any computer lost network it lost with entire networking.

➽ There are various advantages of BUS technology like, Data speed, costly cables, less chance of failure.....

➽  However, it also have some disadvantages like, Troubleshooting, Interfere of other network.....

3. RING TOPOLOGY

➽  In this network type, it uses only 1 cable for connection, it connected end to end computer for communicating. It is as similar as BUS Topology.

➽  In this topology data flows only in one direction. Whenever any computer got any information it circulate in loop.

➽  It has no any terminated loops. It continuously spread data in loop.

➽ Every computer in the network have its own cable to plug into device. 

➽ It have its own advantages like, Cheap, reliability, network management.....

➽ It also have disadvantages like, Failure, Delay, Reconfiguration.....

4. MESH TOPOLOGY

➽  In this connection, computer networks are interconnected through various ways.

➽  Basically, it is used for wireless network, for example, Internet, wi-fi....

➽  It is very complex network for communicating with each networks. 

➽  It has other 2 categories :-

        ➽ 1. Full Mesh Topology

     ➽ 2. Partial Mesh Topology

➽  It has some advantages like, Fast Communication, Reliable, easy to use....

➽  It has some disadvantages also for example, Cost, management..... 

5. HYBRID TOPOLOGY

➽ It is the biggest network among other networks. The various combination of topologies is called HYBRID TOPOLOGY.

➽  It connects minor connections with other network for easy communication. It is used by many banks, corporation, multi-national companies....

➽  It has some merits, like, Flexible, effective, reliable, effective....

➽  It also have demerits for instance, costlier than others, complex to use.....

Thus, this is all about the facts and vital information of Computer Network, which is important for every computer science students. I hope you may find good information from this web.

If you may find any suggestion or any correction, contact me as soon as possible!, through Social Media or Contact Form.